CVE-2023-28771
Zyxel Multiple Firewalls OS Command Injection Vulnerability
- Critical 9.8
- Exploited: added to CISA KEV 31 May 2023
Description
Improper error message handling in Zyxel ZyWALL/USG series firmware versions 4.60 through 4.73, VPN series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.35, USG FLEX series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.35, and ATP series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.35, which could allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute some OS commands remotely by sending crafted packets to an affected device.
Key facts
- Published
- 25 Apr 2023
- Last changed
- 21 Oct 2025
- Assigned by
- Zyxel
- KEV added
- 31 May 2023
- KEV fix due
- 21 Jun 2023
- EPSS
- 99.284% likely to be exploited in the next 30 days, higher than 99.938% of CVEs (scores for 15 Nov 2026)
- SSVC (CISA)
- Exploitation: active; Automatable: yes; Technical impact: total
Severity scores
Each score is shown as its source gave it. They are not averaged or merged.
- 9.8CVSS 3.1, Criticalfrom the CNA (Zyxel)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
What to do
- Apply updates per vendor instructions.CISA KEV required action
Historical context and remediation
This reference retains the original CVE publication date. A recent record update does not mean a new attack occurred.
No separately sourced impact summary is available on this page yet. Consult the description, version data and dated exploitation evidence.
Version statuses below come from the CNA. An “unaffected” version is not necessarily a currently supported release or proof of a patch date. EPSS is a dated risk estimate, not a count of historical attacks.
Affected products
| Vendor | Product | Versions |
|---|---|---|
| Zyxel | ZyWALL/USG series firmware |
|
| Zyxel | VPN series firmware |
|
| Zyxel | USG FLEX series firmware |
|
| Zyxel | ATP series firmware |
|
Timeline
- 25 Apr 2023 Published
- 31 May 2023 CVE-2023-28771 added to CISA KEV
- 31 May 2023 Added to the CISA KEV catalogue
Weakness
Practice this bug class
HackZoneLabs has a hands-on lab on OS command injection (CWE-78).