CVE-2023-33010

Zyxel Multiple Firewalls Buffer Overflow Vulnerability

  • Critical 9.8
  • Exploited: added to CISA KEV 5 Jun 2023

Description

A buffer overflow vulnerability in the ID processing function in Zyxel ATP series firmware versions 4.32 through 5.36 Patch 1, USG FLEX series firmware versions 4.50 through 5.36 Patch 1, USG FLEX 50(W) firmware versions 4.25 through 5.36 Patch 1, USG20(W)-VPN firmware versions 4.25 through 5.36 Patch 1, VPN series firmware versions 4.30 through 5.36 Patch 1, ZyWALL/USG series firmware versions 4.25 through 4.73 Patch 1, could allow an unauthenticated attacker to cause denial-of-service (DoS) conditions and even a remote code execution on an affected device.

Key facts

Published
24 May 2023
Last changed
21 Oct 2025
Assigned by
Zyxel
KEV added
5 Jun 2023
KEV fix due
26 Jun 2023
EPSS
29.024% likely to be exploited in the next 30 days, higher than 98.19% of CVEs (scores for 15 Nov 2026)
SSVC (CISA)
Exploitation: active; Automatable: yes; Technical impact: total

Severity scores

Each score is shown as its source gave it. They are not averaged or merged.

  • 9.8CVSS 3.1, Criticalfrom the CNA (Zyxel)CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

What to do

  • Apply updates per vendor instructions.CISA KEV required action

Historical context and remediation

This reference retains the original CVE publication date. A recent record update does not mean a new attack occurred.

No separately sourced impact summary is available on this page yet. Consult the description, version data and dated exploitation evidence.

Version statuses below come from the CNA. An “unaffected” version is not necessarily a currently supported release or proof of a patch date. EPSS is a dated risk estimate, not a count of historical attacks.

Read the original CVE record.

Affected products

VendorProductVersions
ZyxelATP series firmware
  • 4.32 through 5.36 Patch 1 (affected)
ZyxelUSG FLEX series firmware
  • 4.50 through 5.36 Patch 1 (affected)
ZyxelUSG FLEX 50(W) firmware
  • 4.25 through 5.36 Patch 1 (affected)
ZyxelUSG20(W)-VPN firmware
  • 4.25 through 5.36 Patch 1 (affected)
ZyxelVPN series firmware
  • 4.30 through 5.36 Patch 1 (affected)
ZyxelZyWALL/USG series firmware
  • 4.25 through 4.73 Patch 1 (affected)

Timeline

  1. 24 May 2023 Published
  2. 5 Jun 2023 CVE-2023-33010 added to CISA KEV
  3. 5 Jun 2023 Added to the CISA KEV catalogue

Weakness

References